List of important Mountain Passes in India

1. Dungri La Pass - The Dungri la pass or Mana Pass is the high altitude mountain pass and is located in the Nanda Devi Biosphere Reserve of the Zanskar mountain range in the Uttarakhand. It connects India and Tibet.
2. Chang La Pass - Chang La Pass is situated at an elevation of over 5300 m and is one of the highest motorable road in the world which connects Indus Valley to Pangong Lake region. Changtang plateau is known for its high altitude giant lakes and vast highlands of great Himalayas.
3. Debsa Pass - Debsa Pass is situated at an elevation of over 5360 m in the Himalayas. It is a high mountain pass in Greater Himalayas and connects the Kullu and Spiti districts of Himachal Pradesh. Spiti Valley is a desert mountain land between Tibet and India.
4. Karakoram Pass - The Karakoram Pass is situated at an elevation of 4,693 m between India and China in the Karakoram Range. The Karakoram Pass is the oldest route between Leh and Yarkant and is the tallest pass of the Karakoram Mountain Range. The Siachen Glacier is situated in the eastern Karakoram range.
5. Sela Pass - The frozen Sela Pass is situated at an elevation of 4,170 m in Tawang District of Arunachal Pradesh. Sela Pass connects Tawang to rest of India through Tezpur and Guwahati. It receives heavy snowfall in winter but remain opens throughout the year. It is the only Gateway to the Tawang and Buddhist Tawang Monastery.
6. Khardung La Pass - Khardung La Pass Bomdi La 5,800 m. Khardung La Pass is the highest motorable pass and one of the highest motorable road in the country. Khardung La pass is located near Leh in Ladakh region of Jammu and Kashmir.
7. Banihal Pass (Jawahar Tunnel) - Banihal Pass is situated at an elevation of 2,850 m in the Pir-Panjal Range. Banihal Pass connects Jammu with Srinagar. The pass remains covered with snow during the winter season. The Jawahar Tunnel was inaugurated in 1956.
8. Bomdi La Pass - Bomdi La is situated at an elevation of 2600 m to the east of Bhutan in the Greater Himalayas in Arunachal Pradesh. It connects Arunachal Pradesh with Lhasa, Tibet.
9. Diphu Pass - Diphu Pass is situated at an elevation of 4,587 m. Diphu Pass is a mountain pass at the tri-point of the borders of India, China, and Burma. It is a traditional pass between India and Myanmar which remains open throughout the year for transportation and trade. Diphu Pass is also a strategic approach to eastern Assam.
10. Khunjerab Pass - Khunjerab Pass is situated at an elevation of 4,693 m. is a high mountain pass in the Karakoram Mountains in a strategic position on the northern border of Pakistan's Gilgit–Baltistan Hunza - Nagar District on the southwest border of the Xinjiang region of China.
11. Jelep La Pass - Jelep La Pass is situated at an elevation of 4,267 m. This pass connects Sikkim with Lhasa, Tibet.
12. Lipu-Lekh Pass - Lipu-Lekh Pass is situated at an elevation of 5,340 m. It connects the Kumaon region of Uttarakhand in the Pithoragarh district in India with Tibet.
13. Nathu La Pass - Nathu La Pass is a mountain pass in the Himalayas and is situated at an elevation of 4,310 m. It connects Sikkim (India) with China. It is one of the three open trading border posts between India and China, the other two are Shipkila in Himachal Pradesh and Lipulekh in Uttarakhand.
14. Pir-Panjal Pass - Pir-Panjal Pass is a high mountain pass on the eastern Pir Panjal Range of the Himalayas around 51 km from Manali. It connects the Kullu Valley with the Lahaul and Spiti Valleys of Himachal Pradesh, India. Manali-Leh Highway, a part of NH 21, transverses Rohtang Pass.
15. Shipki La Pass - Shipki La is a mountain pass and border post on the India-Tibet border. It is located in Kinnaur district in the state of Himachal Pradesh, India, and Tibet Autonomous Region in People's Republic of China. Sutlej river enters India (from Tibet) through this pass. It is an offshoot of the ancient Silk Road. It is a border post for trade with China.
16. Zoji La - Zoji La is situated at an elevation of 3,950 m. It connects Srinagar with Kargil and Leh. Zoji La is 9 km from Sonamarg and provides a vital link between Ladakh and Kashmir.

List of Expected Geography Questions & Answers

1).The longest National Highway NH7 runs from Varanasi to_________.

a) Trivandrum
b) Kanyakumari
c) Nagapattinam
d) Ramanathapuram

Answer: b) Kanyakumari

2).NH47A the shortest National Highway runs for a distance of ____________.

a) 6.9 km
b) 5.9 km
c) 7.9 km

d) 8.9 km

Answer: b) 5.9 km

3).Expressways are ________ roads.

a) Six lane
b) Four lane
c) Eight lane

d) Five lane

Answer : a) Six lane

4).The principal mode of Transport in India is _________.

a) Railways
b) Border Roads
c) Water ways

d) Airways

Answer : a) Railways

5).Indian Railways is the largest network in _________.

a) The World
b) South East Asia
c) Asia

d) Eurasia

Answer: c) Asia

6).Southern Railway has its headquarters in ________.

a) Bangalore
b) Trivandrum
c) Kanyajumari

d) Chennai

Answer: d) Chennai

7).The MRTS is operated by the state owned _______ Railway.

a) Southern

b) Eastern

c) Northern

d) Western

Answer: a) Southern

8).Pipeline operation involves ___________ consumption of energy.

a) Low

b) High

c) Medium

d) No

Answer: a) Low

9).The cheapest means of transport is __________.

a) Airways

b) Roadways

c) Railways

d) Waterways

Answer: d) Waterways

10).India is the ___________ largest ship owning country in Asia.

a) Second

b) First

c) Third

d) Fourth

Answer: a) Second

11).What are the Agricultural Crops of Punjab?

a) Paddy

b) Pulses

c) Tobacco

d) All of the above

Answer: d) All of the above

12).Mangoes are exported to ____________.

a) U.S

b) U.K

c) Europe

d) All of the above

Answer: d) All of the above

13).Grapes are grown in _________.

a) Maharashtra

b) Tamil Nadu

c) Both (a) and (b)

d) None of the above

Answer: c) Both (a) and (b)

14).World’s leading tea producer is __________.

a) Java

b) Sri Lanka

c) Myanmar

d) India

Answer: d) India

15).An ad valorem tax is a tax levied on the basis of _________.

a) The price of a commodity

b) The unit of a commodity

c) The cost of production of a commodity

d) Value of real estate or personal property

Answer: d) Value of real estate or personal property

16).The most important source of public revenue is _________.

a) Taxes

b) Interest

c) Dividends and profits

d) Licence fees

Answer: d) Licence fees

17).Which of the following is the largest single source of the Government’s earning from

tax revenue?

a) Excise Duty

b) Customs Duty

c) Corporation tax

d) Income tax

Answer: a) Excise Duty

18).Out of the following which one contributes the minimum amount to the

Government’s tax revenue?

a) Excise Duty

b) Wealth tax

c) Income tax

d) Customs Duty

Answer: b) Wealth tax

19).Which of the following is the major source of Government’s revenue?

a) Direct taxes

b) Indirect taxes

c) Licence fees

d) Dividends and profits

Answer: b) Indirect taxes

20).Which of the following Committee has submitted its report on Railway’s 

modernization?

a) Sampath Committee

b) Rangarajan Committee

c) Swaminathan Committee

d) Sam Pitroda Committee

Answer: d) Sam Pitroda Committee

21).Indian ranks ________ among ship owning countries in the world.

a) sixteenth

b) fifth

c) tenth

d) twentieth

Answer: a) sixteenth

22).EDUSAT programmes are promoted by ________.

a) Transport

b) Trade

c) Communication

d) twentieth

Answer: c) Communication

23).Maps created by using aerial photographs are called _______ Maps.

a) Ortho photo

b) Aerial photo

c) Physical

d) Political

Answer: a) Ortho photo

24).The Object under study is known as _________.

a) Target

b) Source

c) Sensor

d) Image

Answer: a) Target

25).The device to detect the Electro Magnetic Radiation is ________.

a) Target

b) Sensor

c) Object

d) Camera

Answer: b) Sensor

26).The most effective technology to gather information on any part of the earth is the 

technology _________.

a) Scientific

b) Space

c) Remote sensing

d) New

Answer: c) Remote sensing

27).The ___________ receive and record information about an earth object without any

physical contact.

a) Cameras

b) Air balloons

c) Aerial photographs

d) sensors

Answer: d) sensors

28).Aerial photographs were the first results of remote Sensing utilized by _________.

a) Photographers

b) Cartographers

c) Artists

d) Geographers

Answer: b) Cartographers

29).LANDSAT series came into practice in ____________.

a) 1975

b) 1970

c) 1972

d) 1974

Answer: a) 1975

30).The energy source provides _________ energy to the target.

a) Electromagnetic

b) Electrical

c) Magnetic

d) Electronic

Answer: a) Electromagnetic

31).Radar is an example of _____________.

a) An active sensor

b) Passive sensor

c) Energy source

d) Target

Answer : a) An active sensor

32).The first requirement for remote sensing is ____________.

a) Target

b) Energy source

c) Sensor

d) Recording

Answer: b) Energy source

33).Remote sensing systems detect features of ________ areas.

a) Close

b) Far

c) Accessible

d) inaccessible

Answer: d) inaccessible

34).The first requirement for remote sensing is ____________.

a) Target

b) Energy source

c) Sensor

d) recording

Answer: 

b) Energy source

35).Remote sensing systems detect features of ________ areas

a) Close

b) Far

c) Accessible

d) Inaccessible

Answer: d) Inaccessible

36).GIS is helpful to ________ to locate the shortest routes.

a) Industrial limits

b) Transport companies

c) Agricultural farm

d) Marketing units

Answer: b) Transport companies

37).Assuming the directions similar to those on the earth which planet / planets will

experience a Sunrise in the west?

I. Mercury

II. Uranus

III. Saturn

IV. Venus

Select the correct answer

a) I and II

b) II an IV

c) I and IV

d) III and IV

Answer : b) II an IV

38).The South Pole experiences continuous light at the time of _________.

a) Vernal equinox

b) Summer Solstice

c) Winter Solstice

d) Autumnal equinox

Answer: c) Winter Solstice

39).Which comet appears every 76 years?

a) Alpha centauri

b) Donati’s

c) Holme’s

d) Halley’s

Answer: d) Halley’s

40).The minimum distance between the Sun and the Earth occurs on _________.

a) January 3

b) September 22

c) December 22

d) June 21

Answer: a) January 3

41).The Longest day in Australia will be on____________.

a) June 21

b) March 23

c) December 22

d) September 22

Answer: c) December 22

42).On the day the sun is nearest to the earth is said to be ______________.

a) Perigee

b) apogee

c) aphelion

d) Perihelion

Answer: d) Perihelion

43).Which place will experience sunlight for the longest period in summer?

a) Kolkata

b) Chennai

c) Srinagar

d) Mumbai

Answer: c) Srinagar

44).The earth is at its maximum distance from the Sun on _____________.

a) July 4

b) July 6

c) June 4

d) June 6

Answer: a) July 4

45).What is a tidal bore?

a) A formation of polyps just above high tide level

b) A high tidal wave moving upstream in the mouth of a river

c) A tidal wave resulting from seismic activity

d) A deposit of sand in coastal area

Answer: b) A high tidal wave moving upstream in the mouth of a river

46).Which of the statements does not prove the spherical shape of the earth?

a) If the earth were flat one would come across some sharp edges

b) The altitude of the stars from various points on the earth surface varies

c) The sunrise is not visible from all places at the same time.

d) The shadow of the earth at the time of the solar eclipse is circular.

Answer: d) The shadow of the earth at the time of the solar eclipse is circular.

47).On which days do the spring tides occur?

I. Newmoon

II. First quarter of the moon

III. Third quarter of the moon

IV. Full moon

Select the correct answer

a) I, II & IV

b) II, III & IV

c) I & IV

d) II & III

Answer: c) I & IV

48).All vital atmospheric process leading to various climatic and weather conditions take

place in the _____________.

a) Troposphere

b) Ionosphere

c) Exosphere

d) Stratosphere

Answer: a) Troposphere

49).Light from the nearest star reaches the earth in ____________.

a) 4.3 years

b) 5.3 years

c) 4.2 years

d) 4.3 years

Answer: a) 4.3 years

50).We always see the face of the moon because ____________.

a) It is smaller than the earth

b) It takes equal time for both revolution around the earth and rotation on its own axis

c) It revolves on its axis in a direction opposite to that of the earth

d) It rotates at the same speed as the earth around the Sun

Answer: b) It takes equal time for both revolution around the earth and rotation on its own axis

List of Expected General Awareness Questions from Geography - SSC Exams

1).What is the relationship between solar day and sidereal day?

a) There is no relationship between the two
b) Both are equal
c) Solar day is shorter than Sidereal day
d) Solar day is longer than Sidereal day

Answer : d) Solar day is longer than Sidereal day

2).The moon’s period of revolution with reference to the Sun is ________.

a) Equal to one solar month
b) Equal to one synodic month
c) Equal to one sidereal month

d) None of these

Answer : b) Equal to one synodic month

3).One the surface of the moon, the ________.

a) Mass and weight become lesser
b) Only the mass is lesser
c) Mass and weight both remain unchanged

d) Mass remains constant and only the weight is lesser

Answer: d) Mass remains constant and only the weight is lesser

4).A day is added when one crosses ______.

a) 108o longitude from west to east
b) The equator from south to north
c) The equator from north to south

d) 180o longitude from east to west

Answer : d) 180o longitude from east to west

5).What is the unit of measurement of the distances of stars from the earth?

a) Light year
b) Nautical miles
c) Fathoms

d) kilometers

Answer: a) Light year

6).One astronomical unit is the average distance between _________.

a) Mars and the Sun
b) Earth and the Sun
c) Earth and the moon

d) Jupiter and the Sun

Answer : b) Earth and the Sun

7).The surface of the moon is visible from the earth __________.

a) About 59%
b) About 60%
c) About 75%

d) About 40%

Answer : a) About 59%

8).The order of the layers in the atmosphere, upwards from below, is ___________.

a) Stratosphere, troposphere, ionosphere and exosphere

b) Exosphere, ionosphere, troposphere and stratosphere

c) Troposphere, stratosphere, ionosphere and exosphere

d) Troposphere, exosphere, stratosphere, ionosphere

Answer: c) Troposphere, stratosphere, ionosphere and exosphere

9).Where is the doldrums belt located?

a) On the Tropic of Capricorn

b) On the Tropic of Cancer

c) Near the Polar areas

d) Near the equator

Answer : d) Near the equator

10).The temperature at which an air parcel will become saturated with the present

amount of water vapour is called_______.

a) Critical temperature

b) Dew point

c) Saturation point

d) Condensation point

Answer: c) Saturation point

11).The theory suggesting that the continents of South America and Africa were once

joined together was the _______.

a) Ritter’s Theory

b) Tetrahedral Theory

c) Continental drift theory

d) Kant’s Theory

Answer : c) Continental drift theory

12).Which layer of the atmosphere maintains an almost uniform horizontal temperature?

a) Troposphere

b) Magnetosphere

c) Stratosphere

d) exosphere

Answer: c) Stratosphere

13).Which one is an anticyclone?

a) High pressure system with clockwise winds in the northern hemisphere

b) Low pressure system with clockwise winds in the northern hemisphere

c) High pressure system with clockwise winds in the Southern hemisphere

d) Low pressure system with clockwise winds in the Southern hemisphere

Answer : a) High pressure system with clockwise winds in the northern hemisphere

14).One of the warm currents in the Indian ocean is the _______.

a) Humboldt Current

b) Agulhas Current

c) Curoshio Current

d) Labrador Current

Answer : b) Agulhas Current

15).Farrel’s Law is concerned with the _________.

a) Velocity of winds

b) Intensity of waves

c) Direction of winds

d) None of these

Answer : c) Direction of winds

16).The thickness of the troposphere increase in _______.

a) Antumn

b) Spring

c) winter

d) summer

Answer: d) summer

17).In which of the following areas is salinity likely to be the highest

a) North Atlantic

b) Red Sea

c) North Pacific

d) Indian Ocean

Answer:b) Red Sea

18).Fall in air temperature with increasing elevation is known as ________.

a) Thermal reduction

b) Lapse rate

c) Thermal anomaly

d) Temperature fall

Answer : b) Lapse rate

19).Amount of water vapour in a given volume of air is known as _________.

a) Specific humidity

b) Relative humidity

c) Absolute humidity

d) Mixing ratio

Answer: c) Absolute humidity

20).The name given to winds blowing from subtropical high pressure regions, to the

equator_________.

a) Doldrums

b) Westerlies

c) Tropical easterlies

d) High latitude easterlies

Answer: c) Tropical easterlies

21).What is fog?

a) An altocumulus cloud

b) A cumulonimbus cloud

c) A low stratus cloud

d) A cirro stratus cloud

Answer: c) A low stratus cloud

22).The stratosphere is said to be ideal for flying jet aircraft. This is because

a) This layer is out of the firing range of anti-aircraft guns.

b) This layer is rich in ozone which reduces fuel consumption

c) Of the absence of clouds and other weather phenomena

d) The temperature is constant and ideal for aircraft engine efficiency

Answer: c) Of the absence of clouds and other weather phenomena

23).The famous Tuscarora Deep located

a) Near the Australian coast

b) Off Japan

c) Off Lakshadeep

d) Near U.S.A

Answer : b) Off Japan

24).Blizzards are characteristic of _______ region.

a) Temperature

b) Tropical

c) Antarctic

d) Equatorial

Answer : c) Antarctic

25).Dew is caused when

a) Humid air condenses on cool surface

b) The air is colder than the earth’s surface

c) The sky is overcast at night

d) The wind is too dry to cause rainfall

Answer: a) Humid air condenses on cool surface

26).The velocity of wind is governed by

a) Pressure gradient

b) Temperature

c) Farrel’s law

d) Rotation of earth

Answer : a) Pressure gradient

27).Stated in terms of grams of water vapour per kilogram of moist air is

a) Vapour pressure

b) Absolute humidity

c) Relative humidity

d) Specific humidity

Answer: d) Specific humidity

28).The earth’s rotation does not cause

a) A deflection of ocean currents

b) Difference in time between two meridians

c) Phases of the moon

d) Tides

Answer: b) Difference in time between two meridians

29).’Jim Corbett National Park’ is situated in the Valley of the river

a) Ramganaga

b) Ghagra

c) Sarayu

d) Tapti

Answer : a) Ramganaga

30).Which of the following is a hot wind ?

a) Mistral

b) Pampero

c) Buran

d) Zonda

Answer: d) Zonda

31).Plants formed due to the filling up of lakes are called

a) flood plains

b) till plains

c) lacustrine plains

d) delta plain

Answer: c) lacustrine plains

32).Isochrones are lines joining places with equal

a) longitude

b) rainfall

c) frost

d) travelling time from a point

Answer: d) travelling time from a point

33).The layers in soil are referred as

a) horizons

b) pedocals

c) profile

d) hardpans

Answer : a) horizons

34).Most of the people of the middle-east belong to the following group of people

a) Negro

b) Nordic

c) Alpine

d) Mediterranean

Answer : d) Mediterranean

35).Plateaus situated in between plains and mountains are called

a) Intermontane plateaus

b) Piedmont plateaus

c) Peninsular plateaus

d) Continental plateaus

Answer : b) Piedmont plateaus

36).As one moves from the equator to the poles along a meridian

a) The variety of animals increases and of plants decreases

b) The variety of plants increases and of animals decreases

c) The variety of plants and of animals decreases

d) The variety of plants and of animals increases

Answer: c) The variety of plants and of animals decreases

37).Metamorphic rocks originate from

a) Igneous rocks

b) Sedimentary rocks

c) Both igneous and sedimentary rocks

d) None of these

Answer: c) Both igneous and sedimentary rocks

38).The best way to define rock types will be

a) Igneous-Sedimentary-Metamorphic

b) Igneous-Carborate-Metamorphic

c) Igneous-Metamorphic-Marble

d) Sedimentary-Igneous-Limestone

Answer: a) Igneous-Sedimentary-Metamorphic

39).The pedogenic regims is associated with hot dry climates is

a) laterisation

b) gleisation

c) salinisation

d) podzolisation

Answer: c) salinisation

40).When a ship crosses Date line from west to east

a) It loses one day

b) It gains one day

c) It loses half-a-day

d) It gains half-a-day

Answer: b) It gains one day

41).With what type of climate is the pedogenic regime of podzolisation associated?

a) Hot and dry

b) equatorial

c) cool and dry

d) humid temperature

Answer: d) humid temperature

42).Isohels are the Isopleths of

a) rain

b) clouds

c) flowering time

d) sunshine

Answer: d) sunshine

43) To which group does the black soil of India belong?

a) laterite

b) podzol

c) chernozem

d) alluvial

Answer : c) chernozem

44).Isobaths are used to show

a) pressure

b) depth

c) rainfall

d) time

Answer: b) depth

45).Isonif lines are the Isopleths of

a) Snowfall

b) rainfall

c) Sunshine

d) frost

Answer: a) Snowfall

46).One of the groups of people inhabiting the Asiatic tundra is the

a) Pygmy

b) Guacho

c) Samoyed

d) Vedda

Answer: Samoyed

47).Which countries are joined by the Palk Strait?

a) North and South Korea

b) Pakistan and China

c) Britain and France

d) India and Sri Lanka

Answer: d) India and Sri Lanka

48).Which countries lie on either side of the Radcliffe line?

a) India and Pakistan

b) Nepal and India

c) India and Afghan

d) India and Bangladesh

Answer: d) India and Bangladesh

49).The homeland of the Yakuts is

a) Russian tundra

b) Asiatic tundra

c) North India

d) Iran

Answer: Russian Tundra

50).Which one is wrongly matched?

a) Pygmies-Zaire Basin

b) Kikuyu-Kenya

c) Vedds-Nepal

d) Papuans-New Guinea

Answer: c) Vedds-Nepal

 

Physical Features Of India - Important fcts

India is bounded by the Indian Ocean in the South, in the south-west by the Arabian Sea, in the south-east by the Bay of Bengal. Indian territorial waters extend into the sea to a distance of 12 nautical miles (22.2 km). Sri Lanka, the Maldives and Indonesia all are island countries to the south of India. Kanyakumari constitutes the southern tip of the Indian peninsula, which constricts before ending in the Indian Ocean. The southernmost point of India is Indira Point in the Andaman and Nicobar Islands. The Indira Point got submerged under the sea water in 2004 during the Tsunami.

PHYSICAL FEATURES OF INDIA

India comprises four well-marked physical divisions:

The Himalayan Range: The Himalayas, amongst the youngest fold mountains in the world, surround India on the north, north-west and north-east forming an arc. It is part of the Great Mountains of the north which run along the northern border of India has two parts-the Karakoram and the Himalayas Mountain. The Karakoram has a several ranges like Zaskar, Ladakh and Pir Panjal with mainly river Jhelurn flows in this region. The Himalayas has three important ranges=-Himadhri, Himaachal and Siwalik, about 2400 km in length and varying in width from 240 to 320 km.

(i) The Greater Himalayas (northern range, average roughly, 6000 m in height and contain three highest mountains on earth-Mount Everest (8848 meter), K2 or Mount Godwin Austin (8611 m) and Kanchenjunga (8598 m). Such high altitudes admit travel to a few passes only, significant passes are Shipki La [in Satluj valley--north-east of Kalpa (Kinnaur)] and Jelep La and Nathu La [on the main Indo-Tibet trade route through the Chumbi valley, north-east of Darjeling]. Greater Himalayas or Himadri, under perpetual snow, contains several glaciers which are sources of rivers like Ganges and Yamuna. The core point of this part of the Great Himalayas is composed of granite.

(ii) The Lesser Himalayas (averaging 1500 to 5000 m in height) or Himachal (averaging 1500 to 5000 m in height), are situated south of the Greater Himalayas, the average width of this region is 50 km. While the PirPanjal range forms the longest and the most important range, the Mahabharat ranges and the Dhaula Dhar are also renowned ones. This range consists of the well-known the Kangra, valley of Kashmir and Kullu Valley in Himachal Pradesh. Many resorts are situated on the southern sole of the mountain range. These ranges are mainly consists of highly compressed and altered rocks.

(iii) The Outer Himalayas (or the Southern Himalayas), (averaging between 900 m and 1200 m in height lie between the Lesser Himalayas and the Indo-Gangetic plains). These discontinuous ranges joins the Lesser Himalayas in the extreme east. The longitudinal valley lying between Lesser Himalaya and the Shiwaliks are known as Duns. Kotli Dun, Dehra Dun and Patli Dun are some of the well-known Duns. These ranges are composed of unconsolidated sediments brought down by rivers from the main Himalayan ranges located farther north side. These valleys are fully covered with thick gravel and alluvium.

• The Great Mountains of the North run along the northern border of India.
• They consist of Karakoram and the Himalayas. Karakoram has a number of ranges like-e-Zaskar, Ladakh and Pir Panjal. River Jhelum flows in this region.
• The Himalayas has 3 main ranges-Himadhri, Himachal and Shiwalik. The eastern extension of eastern Himalayas is called Porvanchal Mountains. Himadri has top high peaks of the world. Himachal has important hill stations of India and Shiwalik, the thick forests. 
• Besides the longitudinal divisions, the Great Himalayas has been divided on the basis of regions from west to east. These all divisions have been separated and demarcated by valleys and rivers.
• There are regional names too in these broad categories.
• The part of Himalayas situated between Satluj and Indus has been traditionally known as Punjab Himalaya but regionally it is also known as Kashmir and Himachal Himalaya from west to east, respectively. 
• The Kali and Tista rivers draw the boundaries to the Nepal Himalayas.
• The part of the Himalayas situated between Kali and Satluj rivers is known as Kumaon Himalayas.
• The part located between Tista and Dihang rivers is known as Assam Himalayas. 
• The Brahmaputra marks the eastern most boundary of the Himalayan. Beyond the Dihang gorge, the Mountain bend sharply to the south and spread along the eastern boundary ofIndia. They are known as the Purvanchal or the Eastern hills and mountains.
• These hills running through the north-eastern states are mostly composed of strong sandstones which are sedimentary rocks. Enclosed with thick forests, they mostly run as parallel ranges and valleys .
• The Purvanchal comprises the the Manipur Hills,Naga Hills, Patkai Hills and the Mizo Hills.

The Northern Plains or the Indo-Gangetic Plains: One Formed by the valleys of the rivers Ganges and Brahmaputra, with a length of about 2400 km and width ranging between 240 krn to 320 km. These plains occupy one-third of India's land surface and form the most fertile region. According to terrain characteristics, this plain consist of 2 parts:

1. The upland plains which lies above the flood level is made up of alluvial soil. It is one of the most fertile areas in the world.
2. The low lands which are liable to inundation during floods.

• The Great plains comprises of levelled land to the south of the Great Mountains of the North made up of fertile allvium soil. It comprises of Gangaa Basin, the Indus Basin and Brahmaputra Basin. River Indus and its tributaries-Jhelum, Chenab, Ravi, Beas and Sutlej rise beyond the Himalayas. The tributaries of River Ganga either rise in the Himalayas or in the Peninsular Plateau. Yamuna, Gandak,Ghaghara, Kosi and Tista rise in the Himalayas. Chambal, Sindh, Betwa, Son,Ken and Damodar rise in the Peninsular Plateau. Brahmaputra river rises beyond the Himalayas.

The Deccan Plateau: Lying south of the northern plains, the plateau is flanked by mountain ranges called the Eastern and Western Ghats. It is geographically the oldest region of India, with rocks which are 3000 to 5000 million years old. The highest Deccan peaks reach over 2500 m which include the Nilgiri Hills.

Coastal Plains:The northern portion of the western coastal plain is called the Konkan and the southern portion is called the Malabar coast. The eastern coastal strip is known as the Coromandel Coast.

The Aravallis and the Deccan Mountains:

(a) The Aravallis: The oldest mountain range in India. The highest peak in this range is Guru Shikhar at Mount Abu, 1722 rn raised, lying near the border with Gujarat.

• The Great Plateau of Peninsular India is located to the south of the Great Plains made up of hard igneous rocks. It has 2 parts: the Malwa Plateau in the north which slopes towards north and Deccan Plateau in the south side. To the north-west of the Malwa Plateau lies the Great Indian Desert, a region of inland made up of rocks and sand. The Deccan Plateau is located to the South of River Narmada. It is enclosed by Western Ghats and Eastern Ghats. They are old mountains. Western Ghats are formed by four major hills which run parallel to the Arabian Coast. The Eastern Ghats are low and discontinuous. They are near to the Bay of Bengal Coast region. There are many rivers in the Plateau which flow either into Arabian Sea or Bay of Bengal. The Western Coastal plains which is a narrow strip is divided into Konkan Coast and Malabar Coast. It has estuaris and lagoons. The eastern coastal plains is wider and is divided into Northern Circas and Coromandal Coast. It possesses fertile deltas.

(b) The Vindhya Range:Separate the southern part of India from the north part. Extending 1050 km, the average elevation of these hills is 3000 m.

(c) The Satpura Range:Lies between the rivers Narmada and Tapti. It extends to 900 km with many peaks rising above 1000 m. It runs parallel to the Vindhya Range, which located to the north and these two east-west ranges divide the Indo-Gangetic plain from the Deccan Plateau located north of River Narmada.

(d)Western Ghats:Run along the western edge of India's Deccan Plateau and separate it from a narrow coastal plain along the Arabian Sea. The range runs roughly 1600 km and average elevation is about 915 to 1220 m.

(e)Eastern Ghats:Though not as tall as the Western Ghats, some of its peaks are over 1000 m in height. Average elevation is about 610 m. The Nilgiri Hills in Tamil Nadu lies at the junction of the Eastern and Western Ghats.

Geography of India

Geography of India: 

India has longitudinal extent of 30⁰. Due to this there is a time lag of two hours between the sunrise on the easternmost and the westernmost horizons of India. due to rotation, the earth takes 4 minute to rotate through 1⁰ of longititude. In covering 30⁰ of longitiudinal extent, there is difference in time lag of 2 hours. When it is 6 a.m in Aruanchal Pardesh, it is still 4 a.m in Gujrat. but the watches in all parts are run according to standard time measured from 82 1/2 0⁰ E longitude. So the watches in Arunachal Pradesh and jaisalmer show the same time despite to different sunrise.

1. Total Geographical Area:  32,87,263km.²
2. Latitudinal extent:  8⁰4' North to 37⁰6' North.
3. Longitudinal extent: 68⁰7' East to 97⁰25' East.
4. North-South extent:  3214 kms.
5. East-West extent:  2933 kms.
6. Land Frontiers: 15,200 kms
7. Coastline: 7,516 kms.
8. Standard Meridian: 82 1/2 ⁰ East longitude.
9. Southern most point: Indira point.
10. Southernmost tip of mainland: Kanyakumari.
11. Number of States: 29
12. Number of Union Territories: 7
13. The Largest State: Rajasthan.
14. The smallest State: Goa.

Tropic of cancer passing through Indian states

Tropic of Cancer passes through the states of Gujarat, Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand, West Bengal, Tripura and Mizoram.

With which country India shares longest border?

India has 15,106.7 km of land border and a coastline of 7,516.6 km including island territories. The length of our land borders with neighboring countries is as under :

 Name of the country:Length of the border (in km) 

• Bangladesh:4,096.7 
  
• China:3,488 
• Pakistan:3,323 
• Nepal:1,751 
• Myanmar:1,643 
• Bhutan: 699 
• Afghanistan: 106 
• Total :15,106.7                                                                                                                                            
• Bordering Pakistan: Jammu and Kashmir, Punjab, Rajasthan and Gujarat.
• Bordering China: Jammu and Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh, Uttarakhand, Sikkim and Arunachal Pradesh.
• Bordering Nepal: Bihar: Uttarakhand, Uttar Pradesh, Sikkim and West Bengal.
• Bordering Bangladesh: West Bengal, Mizoram, Meghalaya, Tripura and Assam.
• 
  
• Bordering Bhutan: West Bengal, Sikkim, Arunachal Pradesh and Assam bordering Myanmar Arunachal pradesh, Nagaland, Manipur and Mizoram.
• Bordering Afghanistan: Jammu and Kashmir (Pakistan-Occupied Area).

List of 50 Important Geography Questions and Answers

1).Lapps inhabit

a) European tundra
b) Russian tundra
c) Asiatic tundra
d) South American grasslands

Answer : a) European tundra

2).Which countries are separated by the Durand Line?

a) India and Sri Lanka
b) India and Pakistan
c) India and Afghanistan

d) India and China

Answer : c) India and Afghanistan

3).Which region is most famous for citrus fruits?

a) Deserts
b) Mediterranean regions
c) Temperate grasslands

d) Monsoon regions

Answer: b) Mediterranean regions

4).The most important crop of the temperate grassland is

a) Sugarcane
b) Citrus fruit
c) Cereals

d) Date

Answer : c) Cereals

5).Which country is the leading producer of Uranium?

a) India
b) Japan
c) Russia

d) Canada

Answer: d) Canada

6).Which area is important for soft wood forests?

a) Cold and temperate regions
b) Tundra regions
c) Monsoon regions

d) Mid-latitude deserts

Answer : a) Cold and temperate regions

7).The leading producers of rock phosphate are

a) Canada and Russia
b) India and Japan
c) USA and Russia

d) France and Russia

Answer : c) USA and Russia

8).The largest producer of mercury is

a) France
b) Russia
c) Spain

d) China

Answer : d) China

9).Which one of the following is the smallest state of India?

a) Tripura
b) Meghalaya
c) Sikkim

d) Nagaland

Answer : c) Sikkim

10).Which country is known as the sugar bowl of the world?

a) Cuba
b) Russia
c) India

d) China

Answer : a) Cuba

11).Which states of India have a common border with Pakistan?

a) Punjab, Himachal pradesh, Gujarat, Rajasthan

b) Punjab, jammu & Kasmir, Rajasthan, Gujarat

c) Jammu & Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh, Punjab, Rajasthan

d) Jammu & kashmir, Punjab, Haryana,Rajasthan

Answer : b) Punjab, jammu & Kasmir, Rajasthan, Gujarat

12).One of the states not bisected by the Tropic of cancer is _________.

a) Andhra Pradesh

b) Madhya Pradesh

c) Odisha

d) Gujarat

Answer : c) Odisha

13).The highest peak in Indian territory is K2. In which range is it located?

a) Karakoram Range

b) Trans – Himalayas

c) Siwalik Range

d) Central Himalayas

Answer : a) Karakoram Range

14).The Gulf of Mannar is located __________.

a) West of Kerala

b) East of Tamilnadu

c) South of Kanyakumari

d) West of Gujarat

Answer : b) East of Tamilnadu

15).Trees shed their leaves in winter season to _______.

a) Conserve water

b) Escape being eaten by animals

c) Conserve heat

d) Take rest after the summer growth

Answer: c) Conserve heat

16).The other name for contour lines is __________.

a) Isopotential

b) Isotherm

c) Isohyet

d) Isohypse

Answer : d) Isohypse

17).The Siwalik’s stretch between _________.

a) Sutlej and Teesta

b) Sutlej and Kali

c) Indus and Sutlej

d) Potwar Basin and Teesta

Answer : d) Potwar Basin and Teesta

18).Duncan Pass is located between _______.

a) South and Little Andaman

b) North and South Andaman

c) North and South Andaman

d) Andaman and Nicobar

Answer : a) South and Little Andaman

19).India and its neigbouring countries are together called the Indian sub-continebt

because ________.

a) Political dominace of india

b) Typical economic links between the various member states

c) Vast size of the area

d) Region’s aloofnes from the rest of the world

Answer: d) Region’s aloofnes from the rest of the world

20).One of the states through which the Tropic of Cancer Passess is __________.

a) Jammu & Kashmir

b) Bihar

c) Odisha

d) Jharkhand

Answer : d) Jharkhand

21).The Pacific Ring of Fire is associated with_________.

a) Thermal power stations

b) Volcanoes and earthquakes

c) Oil well fires

d) Forest fires

Answer: b) Volcanoes and earthquakes

22).The rocks in the Himalayan system are mainly

a) dyke

b) igneous

c) plutonic

d) sedimentary

Answer: d) sedimentary

23).India is the seventh largest country in the world. It occupies about _________ per

cent of world area.

a) 2.6

b) 2.4

c) 4.2

d) 3.5

Answer : 

b) 2.4

24).Which of the following has the oldest rocks in the India?

a) The Siwaliks

b) The Himalayas

c) The Aravallis

d) The Satpura range

Answer: c) The Aravallis

25).The Red Sea is an example of a __________.

a) Faulted structure

b) Lava structure

c) Residual structure

d) Folded structure

Answer : a) Faulted structure

26).Echo-Sounding is the technique applied to __________.

a) Record the density of air in the atmosphere

b) Record earthquake waves

c) Measure the depth of the sea

d) Measure the amplitude of sound waves

Answer: c) Measure the depth of the sea

27).Which year Indian states first organized on a linguistic basis?

a) 1956

b) 1947

c) 1948

d) 1950

Answer : a) 1956

28).The total area of India is about ________.

a) 33 lakh sq.km

b) 34 lakh sq.km

c) 32 lakh sq.km

d) 31 lakh sq.km

Answer: a) 33 lakh sq.km

29).On which of the rivers is the famous Kariba Dam situated?

a) Nile

b) Amazon

c) Niger

d) Zambezi

Answer: d) Zambezi

30).The southern most limit of India is

a) 8⁰ 6’ N latitude

b) 8⁰ 4’ N latitude

c) 8⁰ 2’ N latitude

d) 4⁰ 6’ N latitude

Answer: b) 8⁰ 4’ N latitude

31).The Northern most limit of India is

a) 37⁰ 6’ N latitude

b) 37⁰ 4’ N latitude

c) 37⁰ 2’ N latitude

d) 36.6⁰ N latitude

Answer : a) 37⁰ 6’ N latitude

32).Where is the Maikal Range situated?

a) Tamil Nadu

b) Karnataka

c) Jammu Ǥ Kashmir

d) Chhattisgarh

Answer : d) Chhattisgarh

33).Which area of India receives the least rainfall?

a) Laddakh

b) Eastern Rajasthan

c) Western Tamil Nadu

d) The Western Ghats

Answer : a) Laddakh

34).Which part of the islands in the Arabian Sea is known as Minicoy islands?

a) Northern

b) Eastern

c) Southern

d) Western

Answer: c) Southern

35).The river flowing towards the west is the

a) Godavari

b) Kaveri

c) Krishna

d) Narmada

Answer: d) Narmada

36). Most rivers flowing west from the Western Ghats do not from deltas because of

a) Low velocity

b) The high gradient

c) Lack of vegetation-free area

d) Lack of eroded material

Answer: b) The high gradient

37).Which of the following are believed to be older than the Himalayas?

Ⅰ. Indus

Ⅱ. Ganga

Ⅲ. Brahmaputra

Ⅳ. Sutlej

a) Ⅱ, Ⅲ & Ⅳ

b) Ⅰ, Ⅱ & Ⅳ

c) Ⅰ, Ⅲ & Ⅳ

d) Ⅰ, Ⅱ, Ⅲ & Ⅳ

Answer :d) Ⅰ, Ⅱ, Ⅲ & Ⅳ

38).Rajasthan receives very little rain because

a) It is too hot

b) There is no water available and thus the winds remain dry

c) The monsoons fail to reach this area

d) The winds do not come across any barrier to cause the necessary uplift to

cool the air.

Answer : d) The winds do not come across any barrier to cause the necessary uplift to cool the air.

39). Which river forms its delta in odisha?

a) Tapti

b) Godavari

c) Narmada

d) Mahanadi

Answer : d) Mahanadi

40).Which one is not an important characteristic of Himalayan rivers?

a) They do not form gorges
b) They have a perennial flow
c) They have a great capacity for erosion
d) Many of them have their sources in the inner Himalayas

Answer : a) They do not form gorges

41).In which of the following areas is maximum precipitation received from the summer
monsoon?

a) The western Himalayas
b) The North – eastern hilly region
c) The coromandal coast

d) The central Indian hills

Answer: b) The North – eastern hilly region

42). Which are in India has an internal type of drainage?

a) Tamil Nadu
b) Central Himalayas
c) Chhota Nagpur Plateau

d) Western Rajasthan

Answer: d) Western Rajasthan

43). Which part of the country receives precipitation from the bay of Bengal branch of
the monsoons as well as the Arabian Sea branch?


a) The Jharkhand plateau
b) Maharashtra
c) West Bengal

d) The Punjab Plains

Answer : d) The Punjab Plains

44). When the temperatures is highest in Southern India?

a) June
b) July
c) May

d) April

Answer : d) April

45). Most of the precipitation in India is _______ in nature

a) Cyclonic
b) Orographic
c) Frontal

d) Convectional

Answer : b) Orographic

46). The climate around Bikaner can be described as

a) Semi- arid steppe
b) Mediterranean type
c) Hot desert

d) Tropical monsoon

Answer: c) Hot desert

47). Which of the following favours the onset of South – West monsoon?

a) Tropical easterly jet
b) EI Nino
c) Polar front jet

d) Subtropical Westerly jet

Answer : a) Tropical easterly jet

48). The Westerly disturbance causing winter rains in northern India originate in

a) Pakistan
b) The Arabian Sea
c) The Himalayas

d) The Mediterranean region

Answer : d) The Mediterranean region

49). If the time of Sunrise in Arunachal is 6.00am, what will be the probable time of

Sunrise in Saurashtra?

a) 7.30 am
b) 6.15 am
c) 8.00 am

d) 8.30 am

Answer : c) 8.00 am

50). Which place receives the maximum Solar energy in December?

a) Mangalore
b) Chennai
c) Mumbai

d) Hyderabad

Answer : b) Chennai

List of Important Geographical Questions for SSC- CGL Exams

1. Who among the following was the first person to determine the Circumference of the Earth?

[A]Plato
[B]Aristotle
[C]Eratosthenes
[D]Ptolemy III Euergetes

Answer: Eratosthenes

2. Which of the following states is the only diamond producing state in India?
[A]Gujarat
[B]Rajasthan
[C]Madhya Pradesh
[D]Uttar Pradesh

 Answer: Madhya Pradesh

3. The Bayyaram mines area, which was recently in news, is located in __?
[A]Telangana
[B]Karnataka
[C]Tamil Nadu
[D]Madhya Pradesh

Answer: Telengana

4. River Luni (Lavanavari river) originates from which among the following ranges?
[A]Himalaya Ranges
[B]Aravalli Ranges
[C]Vindhya Ranges
[D]Saputara Ranges

Answer: Aravalli Ranges 

5. Which one of the following islands is called as ‘rust belt’ of Japan ?
[A]Northern Honshu
[B]Shikoku Islands
[C]Kyushu Islands
[D]Southern Honshu

Answer: Shikoku Islands

6. People of which among the following countries are also known as Magyars?
[A]Hungary
[B]Malaysia
[C]Hong Kong
[D]Spain

Answer: Hungary 

7. Which among the following a line or surface drawn on a map or chart indicates connected points of equal salinity in the ocean?
[A]Isohel
[B]Isohaline
[C]Isogyre
[D]Isodiaphere

Answer: Isohaline 

8. Which among the following mineral is a carbonate of calcium and magnesium?
[A]Huntite
[B]Barytocite
[C]Dolomite
[D]Ankerite

Answer: Dolomite 

9. Which among the following can best define the Neolithic Revolution ?
[A]Green Revolution
[B]Technology Revolution
[C]Milk Revolution
[D]Agricultural Revolution

Answer: Agricultural Revolution 

10. What among the following is a partially enclosed body of water along the coast where freshwater from rivers and streams meets and mixes with salt water from the ocean ?
[A]Estuary
[B]Ria
[C]Tidal bore
[D]Lagoon

Answer: Estuary 

11. The ratio of the partial pressure of water vapor in an air-water mixture to the saturated vapor pressure of water at a given temperature is termed as:
[A]Relative Humidity
[B]Absolute humidity
[C]Specific Humidity
[D]None of the above

Answer: Relative Humidity

12. On which among the following dates, Vernal equinox occurs__?
1. March 20-21
2. December 19-20
3. April 21-22
4. September 20-21
Choose the correct option from the codes given below:
[A]1 & 2
[B]2 & 3
[C]3 & 4
[D]1 & 4

Answer: 1& 4 

13. Which among the following states is not covered by the Chhota Nagpur Plateau ?
 [A]West Bengal
[B]Orissa
[C]Chhattisgarh
[D]Assam

Answer: Assam 

14. Mahanadi river originates in which among the following states of India?
[A]Chhattisgarh
[B]Odisha
[C]Manipur
[D]Assam

Answer: Chhattisgarh 

15. Which of the following mountain ranges in India is known as a young fold mountain range? [A]Aravali
[B]Satpura
[C]Vindhyan
[D]Himalayas

Answer: Himalayas 

16. Soloman Islands are located in__:
[A]North Atlantic Ocean
[B]South Atlantic Ocean
[C]North Pacific Ocean
[D]South Pacific Ocean

Answer: South Pacific Ocean 

17. The pedogenic regime of podzolisation associated with which among the following areas?
[A]Hot & Dry
[B]Hot & Humid
[C]Wet and Dry
[D]Cool & Humid

Answer: Cool & Humid

18. Which among the following areas are marked by the pedogenic regime of calcification?
[A]Hot, humid areas near Sea
[B]Cool temperate areas in continents
[C]Continental regions with wet-dry climatic regimes
[D]Desert Areas

Answer: Continental regions with wet-dry climatic regimes 

19. Which among the following factors play important role in pedogenesis?
1. Climate
2. Relief
3. Biodiversity
Choose the correct option from the codes given below:
[A]Only 1
[B]Only 1 & 3
[C]Only 2 & 3
[D]1, 2 & 3

 Answer: 1, 2 & 3 

20. Which among the following rivers is an example of superimposed drainage system in India?

[A]Ravee
[B]Narmada
[C]Ganga
[D]Chambal

Answer: Chambal 

21. Which among the following country is not bigger than India in terms of total geographical area? [A]Brazil
[B]Canada
[C]Australia
[D]South Africa

Answer: South Africa 

22. What fraction of total geographic area of the world is covered by India?
[A]1.4%
[B]2.4%
[C]3.4%
[D]4.4%

Answer: 2.4%

23. Consider the following statements:
1. India lies entirely in the Northern Hemisphere
2. India is divided into two almost equal halves by Tropic of Cancer
Which among the above statements is / are correct?
[A] Only is is correct
[B] Only 2 is correct
[C] Both 1 & 2 are correct
[D] Both 1 & 2 are incorrect

Answer: Both 1 & 2 are correct

24. Pacific Tsunami Warning Center (PTWC) is located at ___:
[A]Hawaii
[B]Cook Island
[C]Alaska
[D]Samoa

Answer: Hawaii 

25. Lower Subansiri Hydro Power project is under development in which state?
[A]Nagaland
[B]Manipur
[C]Assam
[D]Sikkim

Answer: Assam

26. Chandipur missile test range is located in ___:
[A]Odisha
[B]Andhra Pradesh
[C]Kerala
[D]West Bengal

Answer: Odisha 

27. Pench River Project is located in ___?
[A]Rajasthan
[B]Gujarat
[C]Madhya Pradesh
[D]Jharkhand

Answer: Madhya Pradesh 

28. Castle Naggar heritage site is located in __:
[A]Himachal Pradesh
[B]Rajasthan
[C]Haryana
[D]Punjab

Answer: Himachal Pradesh 

29. Satipati Sampradaya is a tribal community of ____:
[A]Himachal Pradesh
[B]Gujarat
[C]Karnataka
[D]Odisha

Answer: Gujarat 

30. Catalonia region is located in which country?
[A]Denmark
[B]Spain
[C]Portugal
[D]Italy

Answer: Spain 

31. Madagan 2 oil field is located in ___:
[A]South China Sea
[B]Sea of Okhostk
[C]Yellow Sea
[D]Chukchi Sea

Answer: Sea of Okhostk 

32. Petermann Glacier is located in which among the following?
[A]Greenland
[B]Antarctica
[C]Europe
[D]Siberia

Answer: Greenland 

33. Consider the following statements:
1. The land border of India is approximately twice of the coastline of the country
2. Largest state with coastline in India is Gujarat Which among the above statements is / are correct? [A]Only 1
[B]Only 2
[C]Both 1 & 2
[D]Neither 1 nor 2

Answer: Both 1 & 2